THE IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE IN DIABETES MELLITUS: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT FOR SUGAR CONTROL AND GENERAL HEALTH

Abstract

Background: Physical activity (PA) has been identified as the cornerstone in diabetes management, as it constitutes a type of modifiable lifestyle factor. While the advances in pharmacotherapy have lowered this toll, the overall burden of diabetes-related complications is clearly still considerably influenced by sedentism and imperfect lifestyle compliance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of regular physical activity on glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life in T2DM patients.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, we investigated 200 adult patients with T2DM. The participants were categorized into two groups: those who exercised regularly at a moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes/week and the sedentary group. The recorded clinical parameters included HbA1c levels, BMI, blood pressure, and lipid profiles. The quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire was also filled out by subjects. Results were analyzed with SPSS 25.

Results: Individuals who were physically active (PA) had significantly better glycemic control (mean HbA1c 6.8% vs. 8.2%), and body mass index, lipid profiles, and quality of life parameters also showed greater improvement than their sedentary counterparts. The three most frequently perceived obstacles to participation in physical activity were lack of time, joint pain, and lack of motivation. Regular physical activity is central to glucose homeostasis and mental well-being in DM.

Conclusion: Regular physical exercise plays a fundamental role in the management of T2DM on metabolic control and psychosocial evaluation. Structured exercise programs and an active lifestyle should take precedence in public health initiatives aimed at people with diabetes, as should educational efforts about these interventions.